The Quintessence of Independent Films †Daughters of the Dust and Lone Star

Cinema/film industry has become a very conspicuous and phenomenal form of mass entertainment with the extent of its popularity, influence, and proliferation having a global impact.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Quintessence of Independent Films – Daughters of the Dust and Lone Star specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Artistic expression and development via technological expediency has made it an unequaled facet of visual/fine arts since the inception of the 20th century. The American (United States) film industry has been a major impetus behind the extent of cinema’s phenomenal popularity, influence, and proliferation. The industry’s relevance is divided into four epochs – silent era, classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood, and contemporary (after 1980). Coinciding with the Hollywood studio system development/history was and has been the development of American independent cinema which is reflective of the industry’s diversity. Independent films (slang term – indie film) differ drastically from mass marketed films in that they are not the product of major film studios (20th Century Fox, Warner Brothers, Paramount, etc.) but rather subsidiary studios (Lionsgate, Summit Entertainment, etc.) and are made with lower budgets. Content, style, and the filmmaker’s artistic style as well as thematic message distinguish independent cinema. Daughters of the Dust by Julie Dash (1991) and Lone Star by John Sayles (1996) are two very different films that exemplify the diversity of American independent cinema.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They are representative of this space where filmmakers depart from the mainstream Hollywood way of filming to develop different narratives, address diverse issues, experiment with the medium, and represent diff erent facets of the American experience. Released in 1991, Daughters of the Dust is an independent film written and directed by African American filmmaker/screenwriter Julie Dash. Set at the turn of century in the legendary Sea Islands located off the coast of South Carolina, Daughters of the Dust follows the Peazants – a Gullah family, as certain family members prepare to migrate to the mainland and eventually head north. Daughters of the Dust is a testimony to the power and quintessence of African/African-American womanhood in that the female characters exude inner strength, perseverance, physical as well inner beauty. The film is a unique departure from films directed by white as well as black filmmakers in terms of portrayal African/African-American women. Socially relevant, Daughters of the Dust is equally an aesthetic masterpiece. The film’s rich language, imagery, and use of African folkloric song make it an atypical Hollywood film in presentation, tone, and moo d which is greatly accentuated or brought to the surface by the cinematography (Arthur Jafa Director of Photography). A cinematographer’s job is to create the ambiance and look of the film that correlates with and interprets the director’s idea. The director may have decisive control over the visual image, but it is the cinematographer’s job to actually record and create image. Accomplished cinematographers usually give a film a visual style that is uniquely their own. The film opening scene with the slow camera moving across the front to the bedroom of the unborn narrator’s parents is simplistic but immediately introduces the clear and vibrant color of the film, emanating a clean and polished look.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Quintessence of Independent Films – Daughters of the Dust and Lone Star specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether it is the family meeting and pla ying along the vibrant seashore or traveling thru the marsh, to choose a particular scene is honestly hard because the rich color cinematography makes the entire film visually mesmerizing. Another unique element is the uncharacteristic narrative devise – the story relayed by an unborn child – which is introduced in the first scene as well. The film is truly a mesmerizing sound and sight experience. An ensemble cast featuring Chris Cooper, Elizabeth Peà ±a, Kris Kristofferson, Joe Morton, Ron Canada, Matthew McConaughey, and Miriam Colon, Lone Star (1996) was written and directed by prolific independent filmmaker, John Sayles. A complex murder mystery, the film’s backdrop is a fictional small border town called Frontera, Texas. The film chronicles the unfolding murder investigation headed by Sheriff Sam Deeds, (Cooper) of Rio County involving the death of his predecessor, the vicious and bigoted, Charlie Wade (Kristofferson) forty years prior, with a possible co nnection/involvement of his late father Buddy Deeds (McConaughey), a deputy to Wade and successor. Like Robert Altman’s Nashville (1975) and more contemporary films – Crash, Syriana, Traffic, and Babel, to name a few – Lone Star is exemplary of hyperlink cinema, a film style which uses multiple inter-connected story lines and characters. These multiple characters and storylines intersect directly and/or indirectly and subtly – affecting one another in such a way that the characters do not fully understand and are often unaware, maybe until the end. The hyperlink devise contributes to the allure and suspense of the Lone Star, magnifying its captivating element. Flashbacks explain and mold present situations and its characters.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ostensibly a murder mystery, the ancillary stories reveal the complexities of familial relationships, cultural heritage as well as ethnic and racial relations in Frontera, past and present. Some examples to name a few – father and son reconciliation as evidenced by Colonel Delmore Payne and his father, Otis (Morgan, Canada), ethnic/racial denial and suppression exemplified by Mercedes Cruz (Colon) and the ethnic/racial relationship between Deeds Sr. and Cruz as well as Deeds Jr. and Pilar Cruz (Pena). The cinematography makes the film aesthetically appealing as well along with the use of certain editing techniques (dissolve, fade in/fade out, continuity of motion, etc.). Most importantly, the various storylines along with the complexities and psychological dimensions of the characters give Lone Star a cutting edge. Sayles illustrates well rounded, rich character development can take place in a limited amount of time and that all can converge, despite diversity, to convey a pa rticular message. Daughters of the Dust and Lone Star are exceptional examples of independent films. They are true to the nature and objective of the industry and genre. Their impact is indelible in the independent as well as film industry as a whole. Bibliography Scott, Allen J. Hollywood: the Place, the Industry. Princeton University Press: 2005. Merritt, Greg. Celluloid Mavericks: The History of American Independent Film: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2000. This essay on The Quintessence of Independent Films – Daughters of the Dust and Lone Star was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vodafone Developing a Total Communications Strategy in the UK Market

Vodafone Developing a Total Communications Strategy in the UK Market Comparison of the Four Industries in terms of Industry Attractiveness Using Porter’s Five Forces, a comparison of the four industries (fixed line, mobile, television and broadband) can be undertaken to demonstrate their attractiveness. UK customers have more discretion to choose which company to use in the provision of fixed line, mobile and television services, hence these industries are continually registering less profits due to customers’ power. However, the broadband industry is increasingly growing as there are fewer companies offering the services due to huge capital costs involved, hence customers have less power in this industry. The suppliers’ power, reflected by the services and infrastructure offered by British Telecom (BT) to various companies within the sector, is minimal in all the four industries owing to the many regulatory frameworks that have been developed and implemented by Ofcom (Office of Communications). Owing to low suppliers’ powe r, companies such as Vodafone can leverage on the profit potential by using BT’s networks and infrastructure to expand services.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Vodafone: Developing a Total Communications Strategy in the UK Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the case, it is clear that the high rivalry between competitors has negatively affected the profit and customer subscription margins in the fixed line, mobile and television industries. However, the broadband industry is still attractive to investors due to minimal rivalry among competitors. However, as the fixed line industry faces a minimal threat of new entrants owing to the fact that customers are increasingly using newer technologies, the other three industries – mobile, television and broadband – face real threats of new entrants not only because of their potential for continued growth and profitability, but also due to the ongoing acquisitions and partnerships affecting these industries. Lastly, in analyzing threat of substitute products, it can be argued that both the mobile and television industries face this threat as mobile providers bring into the market new mobile devices with enhanced capacity to roll out all the services in one single gadget, and as TV service providers look for innovative products that may enhance customers’ experiences. These opportunities provide adequate space for the proliferation of substitute products within the communications sector. However, the broadband industry may not attract such a threat due to the high capital costs involved in rolling out its services. Similarly, the fixed line industry may not attract substitutes due to the nature of infrastructure and networks used. Key Drivers of Change in the Communication Industry From the case scenario, the key drivers of change in the communication industry include technological advancements, acquisitions, pr oducts and services diversification, willingness to collaborate, speed, flexibility and competition. In technological changes, it is clear that the digital revolution has forced most companies in the UK’s communication industry to reassess not only how to effectively and efficiently provide traditional voice services to their existing customers, but emerging high-band data, television and video services as well.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, a number of major players in the industry are increasingly acquiring smaller firms to expand their customer base, reach and profitability. Surprisingly, a few major players are willing to partner or even merge to sustain leadership and competitiveness, while benefiting immensely form the economies of scale as well as shared infrastructure. Products and services diversification, in my view, is acting as a key driver to change for allowing the expansion of customer base with tailor-made products and services that satisfy specific needs and expectations of the customers. Moving on, it is clear that most companies operating in the industry are currently expending huge financial resources to develop fast and flexible networks, or to acquire other firms with such networks, with the view to enhancing customer value propositions and satisfaction. Vodafone, for example, has initiated a project to upgrade its Internet network from 3G to 4G to achieve faster speeds and flexibility. Lastly, there is intense competition within the industry for customers and market share, implying that companies must continually shift their strategies to remain competitive. The impact of these drivers will reflect in terms of a more streamlined sector, with companies attempting to buddle their services together and market them to customers in one package. Change in the UK’s Communication Industry From the case scenario, it is clear that the UK’s communication industry is increasingly changing from the provision of traditional voice services using the fixed line industry to the adoption and expansion of digitised functions with capacity to provide data and video to customers. Consequently, as customer figures and profit margins for voice services drop over the years, it is expected that technology will play a major role in developing a framework that will enable industry players to expand into the mobile, television and broadband industries. More importantly, it is envisaged that more operators will make huge investments in the broadband industry due to its attractiveness (see Porter’s analysis), and also due to the fact that it has the capacity for continued growth. Consequently, by 2015, more companies operating in the UK’s communication industry will have developed capacities to roll out broadband Internet services in large scale as all evidence points to the fact that the broadband industry can also be used to provide mobile and digital television services. It is expected that services such as cable television and radio may become obsolete by 2015 as technological advancements, stiff competition from new service providers, proliferation of IP-based networks and mounting penetration of broadband Internet services drive companies operating in the UK’s communication industry to converge their services. However, it is highly unlikely that the fixed line industry will become obsolete by 2015, though profit margins in this industry are likely to continue plummeting into the future.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Vodafone: Developing a Total Communications Strategy in the UK Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, the industry is expected to be more attractive as services are converged not only due to opening up of many new opportunities for existing service providers and entrepreneurs (e.g., a mobile phone operator will have the capacity to sell digital music and movies using broadband Internet), but also due to improvements in customer satisfaction and retention (e.g., customers will be more satisfied for purchasing various services in a low-cost package). Vodafone’s Strategy Going into the future, Vodafone should change its strategies to reflect the realities on the ground, especially with regard to convergence of services in the UK’s communication’s sector. To achieve its objective of being a ‘communications leader in an increasingly connected world’, the company must not only invest heavily in new and emerging communication technologies, but must be ready to partner with other like-minded companies in the pursuit of more customers and opportunities for continued growth, competitiveness and sustainability. The concept of partnering with other companies or even acquiring small firms within th e industry, in my view, is a ripe one for Vodafone if it expects to rise into the leadership position. Additionally, partnering and acquisitions will ensure the company expands its networks and customer base without having to make huge capital investments in network infrastructure. Additionally, Vodafone stands at a better position to become the communications leader if its drives its operational performance through customer value enhancement to satisfy and retain existing customers while looking out for new ones, pursue growth and expansion opportunities in total communications (mobile, television and broadband) focussed on service delivery to customers rather, pursue emerging markets particularly in developing countries to increase customer base and revenue streams, and strengthen its capital discipline to ensure that more money is freed up for meaningful investments.

Analysis of Case Study for Skills and Knowledge - myassignmenthelp

The enablers of innovation mainly help in bringing the continuous stream of the innovation related strategies of the organizations. The innovation enablers help in the application of the skills, knowledge and the specific tools in the organizations. The five different types of enablers are discussed below, Introduction and change and the implementation of innovative ideas are sometimes difficult for the organizations. The driving forces of innovation can be described as the factors which help in the implementation of change in the organizations. The first driver of innovation in organizations is commoditization. This force relates to the pressure of driving the prices and the margins lower. The digital revolution in the external environment deals acts as a driving force for the changes to be implemented in the organizational processes. The advent of social media in the business world acts as a driver of innovation and helps in the creation of communities, sharing information and connecting the people instantly. Globalization is another major driver of the innovation in organizations. The levels of competition have increased due to the increase in the scope of business of the organizations. The high levels of competition further enable innovation and change implementation in the various organizations. The increasing turbulence in the business environment due to the changes in the economy and shift in the demographics acts as a driver of the innovation in the organization (Gupta and Barua 2016). The companies need to move in a faster pace to compete with the others in the market and improve their operations accordingly. The culture of the organization where change is to be implemented is also a driver of innovation. The enablers of innovation on the other hand are mainly related to the behaviour and the attitudes of the employees. The structure of the organization is a major enabler of innovation. The structure is mainly related to the hierarchy of the organization and the ways by which the instructions and directions related to change reach the employees. The skills of the employees of the organization play a major role in the implementation of change and innovative ideas (Rizos et al. 2016). The difference between the drivers and the enablers of innovation is that the drivers of innovation are mainly related to the factors of the organization and the external environment where it operates. On the other hand, the enablers of innovation are mainly related to the employees and the internal environment of the organization. The enablers mainly deal with the skills and the attitudes of the employees who are a major part of the entire change process (Hussein et al. 2016). The process of innovation in an organization is supported by various mechanisms which are discussed as follows, The organization which has been examined in the case study, namely, ACME, believed in the creation of innovative methods to perform business operations. The organization has a modern infrastructure and the research and development facility which is present in the company helps the employees in the process of thinking. The innovative ideas and nature of the employees are nurtured and encouraged by the management of the organization. The organization has been developing the research and development related facilities since the time of its establishment. The surplus revenues that are gained in the operations of the organization are invested in further developing the research and development related facilities. The owner of the organization also spends most of the time with the employees who are a part of the R & D team. This helps in fostering their talent and innovative ideas further and work in a collaborative manner (Bhanot, Rao and Deshmukh 2017).   Bhanot, N., Rao, P.V. and Deshmukh, S.G., 2017. An integrated approach for analysing the enablers and barriers of sustainable manufacturing.  Journal of cleaner production,  142, pp.4412-4439. Dubey, R., Sonwaney, V., Aital, P., Venkatesh, V.G. and Ali, S.S., 2015. Antecedents of innovation and contextual relationship.  International Journal of Business Innovation and Research,  9(1), pp.1-14. Gupta, H. and Barua, M.K., 2016. Identifying enablers of technological innovation for Indian MSMEs using best–worst multi criteria decision making method.  Technological Forecasting and Social Change,  107, pp.69-79. Hussein, A.T.T., Singh, S.K., Farouk, S. and Sohal, A.S., 2016. Knowledge sharing enablers, processes and firm innovation capability.  Journal of Workplace Learning,  28(8), pp.484-495. Kaushik, A., Kumar, S., Luthra, S. and Haleem, A., 2014. Technology transfer: enablers and barriers–a review.  International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management,  14(2), pp.133-159. Mageswari, S.U., Sivasubramanian, C. and Dath, T.S., 2015. Knowledge management enablers, processes and innovation in small manufacturing firms: a structural equation modeling approach.  IUP Journal of Knowledge Management,  13(1), p.33. Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Van Der Gaast, W., Hofman, E., Ioannou, A., Kafyeke, T., Flamos, A., Rinaldi, R., Papadelis, S., Hirschnitz-Garbers, M. and Topi, C., 2016. Implementation of circular economy business models by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): Barriers and enablers.  Sustainability,  8(11), p.1212. Tran, V. and Voyer, B., 2015. Fostering innovation: An organisational perspective.  British Journal of Healthcare Management,  21(3), pp.141-145.

Capital Accumulation for Beautiful You Ltd Essay

Capital Accumulation for Beautiful You Ltd - Essay Example This report will point out the documents need to be prepared and the various mandatory procedures Alethra Brotherton and her partner and Beautiful You Ltd. need to comply  with, in order to issue the shares to Expansion Capital plc or, alternatively,  borrow the money from the bank and create the security required.   I. Legal Procedures and Documentation Required According to Bos (1969), every business transaction is a legal activity as each business concern is a separate legal entity. In the given case, there are two options available for the Beautiful You Ltd to finance its planned expansion. One is to acquire ?150,000 from Expansion Capital plc in return of one third of the shares of the company. The second option allows the company to receive ?100,000 from the company’s bank on the strength of a fixed charge over the new shop premises. In order to proceed with both these options, the Beautiful You Ltd has to prepare certain documentations and comply with other legal procedures. If the company decides to finance its proposed business expansion plan by acquiring funds from Expansion Capital plc, it needs to issue one third of its shares to Expansion Capital plc. Since the Beautiful You Ltd is a private company, it is not required to state the authorized share capital. However, if the Beautiful You Ltd has registered before 01.10.2009, it would have an authorized share capital provision in its memorandum of association if it has not been removed. In such a situation, the Beautiful You Ltd can issue shares only up to its authorized capital amount which is stated under the capital clause of the memorandum of association. If the company has no sufficient authorized capital available, it must amend the articles before the share issue. A copy of the passed resolution, a form of G123, and the altered memorandum must be registered at Companies House. However, these procedures do not affect the Beautiful You Ltd if it had been formed after 01.10.2009. Alt hough the share allotment is a matter of management, the directors are subjected to some statutory obligations in order to prevent abuses of powers. The directors have the authority to allot shares if the company has only one class of shares; this provision is also subjected to specific restrictions in the company’s articles (sec550, CA 2006). In contrast, a special resolution (sec51, CA 2006) or a provision in the company’s articles must authorize the directors to allot shares if the company has more than one class of shares. While taking a decision regarding share issuance to the Expansion Capital plc, the beautiful You Ltd must consider the pre-emptive rights for existing members, which have been defined as statutory pre-emptive rights in sec561, CA 2006. However, the Beautiful You Ltd can exclude these rights by either a provision in the company’s articles or by passing a special resolution (sec569-sec571). When the Beautiful You Ltd takes such a capital acc umulation decision, some of its existing shareholders may waive their rights to them. Under such circumstances, the company has the legal obligation to offer shares to them. After ensuring that all the above matters has been attended, the directors of the Beautiful You Ltd may resolve to allot shares by clearly stating number and class of shares, the price paid, the allottees, whether for cash or other assets. The directors must issue share certificate to the Expansion

The role of federal agencies in fighting digital crime Essay

The role of federal agencies in fighting digital crime - Essay Example These agencies have to be up to date about all the digital networking so that they can help protect the common people, businesses and governments from getting cheated or played by digital criminals. They know that it is the requirement to keep their strategies in dealing with this threat more innovative so that this problem can be handled appropriately. Mostly the security agencies that work under the government are more influential in countering digital crimes because they have more financial support and thus are more technologically advanced. Political assistance also plays a vital role in increasing their significance. High priority is given to prevent digital crime and efforts are being made to spot crimes before they occur. There are various agencies that are working to prevent this problem. One of these agencies is the Secret Service. This agency is responsible for the prevention of three digital crimes, which are financial institutional frauds that include savings, loans and banks, the access devised frauds that include credit cards, personal identification numbers and passwords, and last but not the least digital crimes conducted on the national level. Another agency that works to prevent digital crime is the Department of Justice. This department takes care of the investigations related to computer hacking, electronic privacy laws and various other digital crimes. It basically takes care of all the legal implications of digital crimes. The department of Homeland Security agency is the combination of two agencies: U.S Customs Service and Immigration and naturalization, and the digital crime that is investigated here with highest level of priority is the child exploitation case (Wiles, 2007, p.90). Federal Bureau of Investigation is one of the largest criminal investigating agencies in the United States and in digital crimes it handles the hacking, fraud via the internet, sending of illegal material across the state borders etc. It works with the

The European Convention on Human Rights and its effect on the UK Judiciary Essay Example for Free

The European Convention on Human Rights and its effect on the UK Judiciary Essay The UK legislation incorporated the provisions of the ECHR or European Convention on Human Rights, with the enactment of the 1998 HRA or Human Rights Act. This measure imposed a grave responsibility on the English judiciary, with which it was in the least experienced. Every individual in the UK has certain rights and this new legislation compels the courts to decide whether any of these rights have been trampled upon by the different measures adopted by the UK government . In the process of this exercise, the judiciary has to scrutinize even the legislative actions of Parliament, and it has to analyze the effect of the acts of the state on individuals or groups. As such, the national courts, while conducting judicial reviews, had concentrated on whether the acts and rulings of government institutions and officials had been within the boundaries prescribed by the extant legislation. In this endeavour, the UK courts had, in general, ignored such transgressions by the Parliament . The enlargement of the scope of their rulings had proved to be quite a daunting task for the judiciary. In addition, section 6 of the Human Rights Act, requires the courts to conform to the rights provided by the ECHR. Any incompatibility with these rights requires the specific sanction of Parliament. Consequently, the courts have to conduct inquiries that are protective in nature and not prosecutorial . The Human Rights Act is efficiently implemented in the UK and it cannot be replaced by a separate Bill of Rights. The UK courts have greater flexibility in pronouncing verdicts and this was enabled by the HRA. The HRA also enabled the UK courts to function along the lines of the ECtHR. The decisions of the UK courts, in the context of human rights, will undoubtedly have an important influence on the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. Thus, the UK is now enjoying the full advantage of the margin of appreciation provided by the Strasbourg court . The provisions of the ECHR have been integrated with the British law through the Human Rights Act. Under section 4 of the HRA, the House of Lords and the Court of Appeal can derogate from the ECHR by declaring incompatibility with the ECHR. However, national courts are not permitted to declare statutes as incompatible with the ECHR. In the event if any national court declaring a statute as being in conflict with the ECHR; or in the event the ECtHR specifying that certain statutes are in conflict with the ECHR, the government can rescind or amend such conflicting statutes, under the provisions of sections 10 and 11. Section 12 of the HRA requires both the Houses of Parliament to pass a resolution, which seeks to implement such remedial orders of the government, which seeks to amend or to repeal a conflicting statute. However, in cases of urgency, a minister can do so and subsequently, seek the necessary approval . In addition, there are other requirements to be fulfilled. First, under section 3, the government must adopt a procedure to interpret the provisions of the HRA and the procedure it adopts must not conflict with the ECHR. Second, the HRA imposes on the public authorities a new legal obligation under which they must not act in a manner that is incompatible with the ECHR. Section 6 of the HRA states that this duty may not apply if a statute specifically requires them to act in such manner. As such, the HRA provides substantial grounds to oppose constitutional principles and the bill of rights . The current situation is that the development of legislation has fallen to the lot of the judges. This is an unprecedented development. The UK judges have to interpret and implement the Human Rights Act, in accordance with the Commission on Human Rights and the jurisprudence of the court; however, this jurisprudence is not binding upon them. Consequently, they enjoy a significant amount of leeway in modifying the tenets of the ECHR to suit the circumstances obtaining in the UK. This makes the courts susceptible to the criticism that they have injected their own values into the legal system . In addition, the ever increasing importance of the judiciary will bring considerable attention to bear on their competence, structure and character. Despite the seeming vividity of the incorporation of the ECHR into the legislation of the UK; the effectiveness of this measure, to a significant extent, is dependent on the stance adopted by the judiciary, in this regard . As such, the European Union is very much seized with the task of engendering human rights, as is evident from its action of specifying a new charter of rights to be implemented on its schedule. This new charter is certain to prove much more effective than the Human Rights Act. This is due to the fact that the UK judiciary would have to uphold the rights bestowed by it, even at the cost of directly overriding the existing legislation . In the United Kingdom the citizens have fundamental rights. These fundamental rights are enforced within certain limitations and are subject to other legislation. The operation of the fundamental rights is usually seen in the context of their negative implications. For example, the right to freedom of speech is respected to the extent to which it does not contravene other legislation. Thus, fundamental rights are enforced only when they do not attract any legal provisions . The UK courts interpret the provisions of section 6(3) (b) of the Act in a restricted and limited manner. This narrow interpretation by the courts results in non inclusion of a majority of government branches in the definition of Public Authority. This ultimately results in the improper implementation of the rights provided by the ECHR in the UK. The courts are taking the institutional position of regulatory bodies in determining whether they are public authorities, under the scope of section 6(3) (b) of the Human Rights Act. In cases of infringement of human rights, the UK courts deal with them by adopting a proportionality test in an effort to arrive at a balanced ruling. This concept is at variance to the narrow interpretation that was being accorded in the past. The UK courts employ a broader and more balanced approach, in order to have greater flexibility in making decisions, in accordance with the precepts European Court of Human Rights. This wider application of the Human Rights Act by the UK Courts is aimed at ensuring the human rights and personal interests of the general public . The United Kingdom has no written constitution. Legal experts consider that in the absence of a written constitution, it is very difficult for the executive or legislature to operate independently. The royal prerogative and parliamentary sovereignty are the basic concepts that shape the UK’s legal order. In WEBB v OUTRIM , Lord Halsbury had stated that an Act of Parliament should be an Act of Parliament and none can go beyond that concept . The HRA integrated the ECHR into the laws of the UK. This enabled the ECtHR to decide human rights cases, of the UK. The UK has to comply with the decisions of the ECtHR. In this manner, the ECtHR gradually assumed control over the British judiciary. It criticised the new Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, because it infringed the human rights of British citizens who are also citizens of Europe. It pointed out that almost every aspect of the government’s attempt to curb terrorism on British soil was a violation of human rights . The United Kingdom had been a signatory to the ECHR and complied with the Convention. The British courts are directly enforcing the provisions of the ECHR. The HRA had successfully integrated the British law with the ECHR. The domestic courts in the UK are efficiently making use of the ECHR as an interpretative instrument in cases of legislative uncertainty. Individuals whose basic rights have been infringed can take the UK government to the ECtHR by filing a suit before it . This right of individuals can only be used after all domestic legal remedies have proved futile in redressing the wrong done to an individual. Therefore, bringing an appeal before the ECtHR entails a costly and elaborate procedure. However, this situation has been rendered much simpler at present. If a domestic court finds an act to be conflicting with the provisions of ECHR, then that court can directly award relief or remedy to the victim. It may award damages to the extent that it finds appropriate . Such a remedial action may include the award of compensation for damages ensuing from a breach of the ECHR rights. The court may allow the dispute to be relied on in other proceedings. The extensive powers bestowed upon the courts by the ECHR, has generated considerable constitutional objections. . The liberalization of the process of the interpretive method, which is a vital component of the HRA, poses a much greater danger to a democracy, in comparison to the predicted deference of Parliament towards assertions of incompatibility. Apparently, it looks as if there is greater validity for the right of Parliament to decide upon the law to be implemented in the UK, rather than the present interpretive procedure. Nevertheless this right of Parliament is susceptible to the current interpretive methodology . At its worst, the Parliament can enact a piece of legislation at its will and pleasure, and the national courts can rescind it on the grounds that it is not in accordance with the ECHR. The right of Parliament to make laws and the right of the judiciary to interpret them are equally and firmly ensconced. There is near unanimity of agreement regarding the view that it is the prerogative of the courts to interpret the law. This is due to the understanding that it comprises a component of the process of adjudication, which is considered to be its exclusive domain . The upshot is that Parliament cannot discard judicial interpretation of statute. In addition, it cannot express misgivings about the interpretive methods adopted by the judiciary. The reason is that such acts violate the constitution, in addition to being difficult to justify politically. Thus, judicial prerogative is invulnerable to the demands of democracy. In this manner there is the very real danger that the judiciary could make an inroad into legislative authority. This would render the HRA a very potent instrument for stifling or curbing elected governments, and could possible generates a number of doubts regarding its democratic qualities . The ECtHR assumed a secondary place in protecting human rights in Europe, and left the primary task or the active role to the member states’ legal systems. It had reduced its role to a subsidiary position, with respect to the national judiciary. From the perspective of the Convention it did so for two reasons. First, the ECHR had remained as the minimum standard for basic human rights. By assuming this position, it would be easier for the Member States to attach themselves to it without discontent and to easily comply with the minimum standards of human rights protection . The ECHR had aspired to become the first step in the ladder of protection of human rights, and it pre empted any descent below this conceptual ladder. Secondly, it aspired to distance itself from dealing with cases, in which the member states could possibly breach these minimum standards. It is practically impossible for it to deal with each and every case of violation of human rights. Therefore it did not aspire to be a threshold for every claim concerning human rights . This step forced the member states to shoulder the major responsibility for protecting human rights in their states. Article 13 ECHR requires the Member States to be under an obligation to protect the human rights of their citizens. Moreover, the appellants are under an obligation to approach all national legal avenues before invoking the ECtHR. They can approach it only when all other domestic possibilities have been exhausted. This is the prerequisite for the claims to be admitted before the ECtHR . Accordingly, the State courts are required to deal with human rights violation cases, to the extent that the state’s constitution permits them. If they find that there is a conflict between the state’s legislation and the obligations of the Convention, then and only then, the national courts should refer the claims to the ECtHR. In other words, national courts are required to possess knowledge about the provisions of the ECHR and the jurisprudence of ECHR’s institutions. In a similar manner, whenever the Convention imposes certain duties on them, the national courts are required to enforce them. In addition, if the Convention permitted some discretion in these duties, the national courts would have to determine the extent of the applicability of such discretion . The United Kingdom is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights. However, it had not integrated the principles of the ECHR into its domestic law until the implementation of the Human Rights Act 1998. The European Court of Human Rights had established that the Convention had not imposed any obligation on the parties to accord a direct effect of the Convention rules. However, it was an implied obligation on the part of the members to incorporate the provisions of the ECHR . Unconstitutionality was a concept which was alien to the English courts. However, over the centuries, the judiciary evolved as an important branch in the British constitution; which enabled the Law Lords to declare Acts of Parliament as unconstitutional. Furthermore, the European Court of Human Rights can also rescind some Acts of Parliament, which are in conflict with the ECHR. Despite these developments, the British judiciary had maintained its role as impartial and capable of providing balanced judgements. At that point of time, the Human Rights Act 1998 was enacted, which further influenced the British judiciary, albeit in a positive manner . The ECHR provided the maximum powers to the courts, like, judicial review and the repealment of offending legislation enacted by Parliament. The traditional concept of Parliamentary Sovereignty is slowly vanishing due to the decisions of the courts, which have been empowered by the ECHR. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adoption of the ECHR has significantly modified the role of the judiciary in the UK.

Functional Genomic Analysis of C. elegans Using RNA Interference Essay

Introduction Before we talk about this important experiment, do you know what a nematode is? Specifically, this experiment used Caenorhabditis elegans, C. elegans for short. C. elegans is a little worm (just like the kind you find in the ground), but has a very special place in modern biochemistry: scientists have mapped its entire genomic sequence. This sequence lets scientists know the character and location of all C. elegans' genes. However, biochemists do not yet fully understand what each gene does and the goal of this experiment is to find the function of each gene within the worm. The connection between a worm's genotype and phenotype is important, because, believe it or not, human beings and worms share many of the same genes. Scientists can use information about nematode genes and their phenotypic expression (the worm's physical traits) to better understand how human genes function in the body. The researchers who performed this study "fed" the worms double stranded RNA that encodes for a particular gene. The cells of the nematode's body recognize the double stranded RNA as foreign genetic material and delete all proteins associated with that RNA. Therefore, the C. elegans will not express the targeted gene, and in its absence, scientists can identify the normal phenotypic expression of that gene. For example, if the inhibited gene was supposed to create raised eyes in the nematode, then the organism would not have raised eyebrows, because it cannot manufacture the proteins that make this trait physically possible. This experiment inhibits the majority of C. elegans' genes in an effort to find what each gene does in the organism. The C. elegans is an ideal species to use in this process because it grows and... ...nucleic acid interference. RNAi uses fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) which induces the degradation of mRNA. Hopefully, one is beginning to see the similarities of the functions of RNAi and antisense pharmaceuticals. I have mentioned before that antisense drugs work by temporarily inhibiting the mRNA from manufacturing specific proteins. Future RNAi technology could be used to permanently degrade the mRNA. This is not only an exciting possibility; it is a near-future reality. Isis Pharmaceuticals has already five antisense drugs in clinical trails! Who knows when they or another pharmaceutical company will begin to utilize RNAi! References Ahringer, J., Fraser, A.G., Kamath, R.S., Martinez-Campos, M., Sohrmann, Marc., Zipperlen, Peder. "Functional genomic analysis of C. elegans chromosome I by systematic RNA interference". Nature 2000; 408: 325-330.

International Trade and Brief Company Profile

Political-Legal Environment Country’s differences in relation to political and legal systems can have dramatic impact on the benefits, costs and risks associated with expanding a business internationally (Hill, 2008, p. 219). In order to make a well analysed decision on feasibility of expansion of Octahedron into either Mexico or Colombia, the political-legal environments of each country must be researched and analysed. Beginning with Mexico, the current government type of Mexico is a Federal Republic.Question of  FEDERAL TRADE at  https://donemyessay.com/apush-chapter-29/The current government is in the process of improving many of the country’s economic challenges, in particular, the improvement and modernisation of labour laws. According to online website run by the U. S Department of State (2011, para. 7) the President’s main priorities are to create more job opportunities within the country, which can be interpreted that the country is open to internatio nal business expansion, as it will provide more jobs within the country, which in turn will improve the economy of Mexico.However, there are some setbacks in the way of political risks if Octahedron were to expand to Mexico, as it is very difficult to improve such things with so much corruption in the country and a high amount of organized crime on the streets. Such corruption often scares international iinvestors away, as it is not worth risking one’s life to expand a business internationally. However, the current government is working hard to improve this situation and have assisted Mexico in dramatically improving international trade.According to online website ‘Encyclopaedia of the Nations’ (2012, para. 4) the success of this can mostly be attributed to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which they joined in 1994. As well as NAFTA, Mexico is part of another Free Trade Agreement with the European Union. These agreements set Mexico up as a highly s ought after country for international expansion, as it is one of the only country’s with special access to both the North American and European markets. Expanding to a country that is part of these free trade agreements s exactly what Octahedron needs, as according to Mcgee, working with a free trading country will save costs of imports and exports (2011, para. 1), therefore increasing the company’s profitability. However, the political-legal environment of Colombia must also be analysed as a potential player for international expansion of Octahedron. The form of government currently running is a Constitutional Republic. According to journalist Pablo Mejia (2011, para. 2) Colombia is perhaps best known as one of the highest drug trading countries in the world, which is never a positive reputation to hold, especially not for international expansion.However, over the past decade Colombia has had a dramatic decrease in crime rates, increase in pro-business politicians who have encouraged more openness to foreign trade (2010, para. 3). The political risk of a country is a key consideration for iinvestors hoping to emerge into a new market. Another journalist, Kimball states that the most threatening political risk of expansion to Colombia is social unrest within the country and the high level of corruption (2011, para. 2). It has been ranked among the world’s most violent countries, due to the guerrillas and drug gangs.

Bringing a Change in Organizational Culture Essay

Critically explain why changing organisational culture is so difficult and how managers can do it. Culture can be defined as â€Å"a set of basic tacit assumptions about how the world is and ought to be that a group of people share and that determines their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and, to some degree, their overt behaviour† (Schein, 1996). Organizational culture is depend on differences in norms and shared values which are learned in workplace and to direct behaviour of members in the particular organisation. Cabrera, Cabrera& Barajas 2001) Organisational culture was built on its shared beliefs and values which was the guidance to solve problems. This essay will introduce the definition of organisational culture and explain why changing organisational culture is so difficult. The main reasons are the fear of uncertain future and difficult to establish the organisational culture. In addition, the essay is to interpret how managers can change organisational culture and how does it work. Managers can change organisational culture through communication and management strategies. This essay may introduce the detail about changing organisational culture. Most scholars think that changing organisational culture is difficult; however a few people think it is easy to change organisational culture. As Chu (2003) stated that organizational culture is contributed to change. In his opinion, organisational culture can collect different values and actions to form a frame to guide the behaviour of members within an organisation. In other words, organisational culture can shape what employees do in the company and control tendency of company. For example, a company may have employees who are unwilling to change and who are conductive to change, if managers recruit staff that are innovated and willing to change, they may be the new power to change organisational culture. Therefore, to form a â€Å"change† culture can make changing organisational culture easier. However, it is also difficult to establish an organisational culture. It is need to experience a long time and face lots of difficult and challenges. According to levels of cultural analysis (Wood 2004), it shows how difficult to form the organisational culture, especially the deepest level of cultural analysis: common assumption. Common assumptions are to collect truths that organisational employees shares as a result of their common experiences and that direct beliefs and behaviours. It is extremely hard to isolate these modes, but it is interpret why culture is full of organisational life. It is hard to shape common assumptions if members of the organisation do not experience same ups and downs or cooperate long time. As Ferrara-Love (1997) stated that organizational culture does not appear in a night. On the contrary, organisational culture evolves during the time, and is the collective beliefs of individuals who worked together. Therefore, it is hard to establish organisational culture, to say nothing of changing organisational culture. At the same time, it is debatable to recruit plenty employees when the company want to change organisational culture. The new power is unstable to the company. It is hard for managers to control the new employees and it still need to cost much time. To conclude, it is difficult to change organisational culture. Organisational culture plays an ineradicable role to different kinds of organisational behaviours and members within organisations. Thus, it is always failure if certain problems of organisational culture were not being considered. Moreover, if managers want to change organisational culture which focuses on shared values or beliefs, it will be more difficult; because on the deepest of organisational culture, it formed invisible and omnipresent old guard or power which makes organisational change failure. As Locus and Kline (2008) stated that organizations always appear â€Å"learning disability† and â€Å"defensive routines† which obstruct the learning and organizational change. It shows the strong of conservative power. When managers try to change the organizational culture, they always face opposition. What was worse, the conservative power always important to the organisation. They make huge contribution to the company, which used to promote the development of company. Therefore, they play an important role to organisation. It is difficult for managers to challenge their authority. Moreover, the reason people do not want to change is the nature of people. People are easy to be used to do one thing and do not want to accept new thing. They are afraid of the unknown thing after change. As Ferrara-Love (1997) stated that people are comfortable with exist ways to finish the work. In their opinion, change is just the threat to their peaceful. Thus, they do not want to change organisational culture and dispute to change. It is obvious that changing organisational culture is so difficult. Leadership is the key to change organisational culture. The achievements of an organisation mostly depend on the leadership of managers. As Fishman and Kavanaugh (1989) stated that the culture of an organization and how employees want to change was formed substantially by leader. For example, if managers uphold to change organisational culture steady and have enough ability to direct staff, it will achieve maximum results with little effort to change organisational culture. Thus, managers are the guidance of the company; they are main factor to change organisational culture. Clement (1994) also expounded that management leadership is basic factor in a major organisational change effort. From this, it can be seen that the importance of leadership in change organisational culture. However, it is hard to change managers. If managers are not satisfied with their employees, employees can be changed, but managers will not changed unless the company go bankrupt. Thus, the most difficult to change organisational culture is to change the mind of managers. For instance, if managers make no attempt to make progress and milk-toast, it will be the most resistance to change organisational change. For this reason, the best way to change is from up to bottom. At the same time, change the mind and ability of leader is the difficult demand for changing organisational culture. To change organisational culture, managers have lot of things to do it. The role of managers is very important through up down system. As Ott (1989) suggested that the leader can do lots of things included staff selection, socialization, removal of deviating members, cultural communication and role model to guide behaviour. For example, managers can choose employees who will support to change organisational culture. Although it will not change the situation directly, they can be the power push the step of changing organisational culture. In the same way, managers can fire part of staff who opposes to change. It is not only reducing resistance to change organisational culture, but also overawe the opponent to change their minds. Furthermore, managers need to be the role model to change organisational culture. The behaviour of managers can be the maximum power to guide behaviour of managers. For example, when managers try to change organisational culture but not to do anything to change it, employees will not follow managers with any anxiety. To sum up, it is important to be the role model of changing organisational culture for managers. Furthermore, communication is an important tool for managers to change organisational culture. According to Fry (2003), he examined that leadership as motivation to change; managers need to communicate with employees about their feelings. In other words, managers should get in touch with employees and let them know core values of changing organisational culture and the need of changing organisational culture. The employees may understand the determination of managers and why to change organisational culture. Then, they can have their decision about changing organisational culture. In this way, it can reduce the distance between managers and employees, and let employees think they are also the participants to change organisational culture, they are not insignificant. When employees think they are the part of changing organisational culture, they will follow managers and try their best to help managers. At the same time, managers communicate with employees also can understand what employees think about and then do well about interactive. In addition, it can reduce the fear of employees about unknown future. As Kanter, Stein and Jick (1992) stated that communication is basic tool within any change process and failure to change always because of the feeling uncertain and anxious about their future. Thus, communication is very significant for managers to change organizational culture. In addition, to help employees to change organisational culture, managers need to teach them related skills and knowledge to work differently. As Ke and Wei (2007) suggested that employees thought to learn skills and knowledge as their main responsibility. Thus, employees may accept skills and knowledge easier than accept directly new culture. When they understand how to do, it may easy for them to accept to change organisational culture. At the same time, it is also the good way to remove their fear to uncertain future. When they master relevant skills and knowledge, they will be confident to deal with change of organisational culture. In this way, they will not fight against to change organisational culture as before. Then they can be the power help to change organisational culture. The most important things to change organisational culture are to change origin perception and beliefs. According to the definition of organisational culture, if managers want to change organisational culture, they must change shared values. The same as Whitely (1995) said that, managers need to be able to help employees to remove the past values which are not consistent with current shared vision of future organizational arrangements. The shared values and beliefs are keys of the organisational culture. Thus, managers need to change origin values of employees to change organisational culture. For example, managers can change new uniform to show the new the new appearance of company. According to Wood (2006), managers can create processes, systems and ways of working that enable to put the new values into practice. The new values can take place of the past one. In addition, managers can recruit and select new employees to help change origin values. As Harris and Metallinos (2002) stated that new employees were outside the company who did not affect by origin organizational culture, thus they were easy to accept new culture. That is why managers to select new employees to enlarge the power to change organizational culture. The new values and beliefs can be brought into the company in this way. In the same way, managers can retrain employees and engraft new rules to them, although it will not have better effect than new employees, it also can help to change organizational culture. In a word, managers need to create new values and beliefs to substitute origin one. Technology change also can promote to change organisational change. Although Weick (1990) thought technology change may make people anxiety about the values of new technology to their work, the new technology is the progress to organisational culture. There is no doubt technology change may improve work efficiency which may improve organisational culture. As Harris and Metallinos (2002) suggested that the application of new technology and subsequent development of system would promote standardization. The implementation of new technology can make employees understand new things which break routine. It also can be the sally port to open the mind of employees, let them know advantages of changing. When they can accept technology change, it is easy for them to support to change organisational change. Thus, managers can first bring in advanced technology to improve organisational change. Then teaching them to learn about it and establish new values in this process. This essay introduces what are the organisational culture and two main parts of organisational culture, the reason why changing organisational culture is difficult and how managers do to change it. This essay support to change organisational culture is so difficult because of the fear of unknown and difficult process to form organisational culture.

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast Denison, Texas, on the border with Oklahoma, would have remained a sleepy little railroad town if it hadnt been for Dwight David Eisenhower being born there. The Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site is just one of the many out-of-the-way places to visit in Texas.The home state of former Presidents Bush and Bush (father and son) has a lot more than oil and cattle fields. For travelers who are architecture enthusiasts, heres a selection of historic buildings and innovative new construction in Texas. Visiting Houston The Transco Tower, the 1983 landmark skyscraper designed by Philip Johnson, is now known as the Williams Tower, the tallest skyscraper in town. Another skyscraper designed by Johnson and his partner  John Burgee is the building now known as the Bank of America Center, a 1984 example of playful postmodernism. Houston has historic skyscrapers from the 1920s and a Hilton designed by Pritzker Laureate I.M. Pei. NRG (Reliant) Park, including the Houston Astrodome and Reliant Stadium, is the place to see the worlds first domed sports stadium. Rice University Stadium on the campus of Rice University remains one of the best examples of a modern, open-air football arena. Visiting Dallas – Fort Worth Big D architecture is historic, cultural, and truly an American melting pot experience. The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River was designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas helped designed a fully adaptable, modern theatre space called the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre. In 2009 the British architect Sir Norman Foster created a high-tech, traditional venue for the Arts District when he designed the Winspear Opera House. Chinese-American I.M. Pei designed Dallas City Hall. The Perot Museum of Nature and Science was designed by another Pritzker-winner, American architect Thom Mayne.   The George W. Bush Presidential Library was designed by postmodernist architect Robert A.M. Stern. Frank Lloyd Wrights last home constructed before his death was the John A. Gillin House, but that is not Wrights only mark on Dallas - the Kalita Humphreys Theater, also known as the Dallas Theater Center, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, who reportedly said, This building will one day mark the spot where Dallas once stood. History swirls near Dealey Plaza as the place in Dallas where President John Kennedy was assassinated; Philip Johnson designed the JFK Memorial. Outside activities in Dallas can revolve around the Dallas Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas - or any number of activities in the historic art deco buildings at Fair Park. Multi-cultural artist Volf Roitman brought a new style of art to Dallas, an international movement known as MADI (Movement Abstraction Dimension  Invention). Its bold geometric forms are on display at the Museum of Geometric and MADI Art.   The MADI is the only museum dedicated to MADI art and the primary point of focus for the MADI movement in the United  States. Pronounced mah-DEE, MADI is a modern art movement known for bright colors and bold geometric forms. In architecture, sculpture, and painting, MADI art uses abundant circles, waves, spheres, arches, spirals, and stripes. MADI ideas are also expressed in poetry, music, and dance. Playful and exuberant, MADI art focuses on objects rather than what they mean. The whimsical combinations of shapes and colors are abstract and free of symbolic meanings. Bill and Dorothy Masterson, lifelong supporters of the arts, were fascinated when artist Volf Roitman introduced them to the colorful and exuberant MADI movement. The Mastersons became avid collectors of MADI art works and spent time with the movements founder, Carmelo Arden Quin. When Mr. Mastersons law firm moved to a 1970s storefront building, the Mastersons decided to convert the first floor into an art museum and gallery devoted to MADI art. The building faà §ade, designed by Volf Roitman, became a celebration of MADI with geometric forms laser-cut out of galvanized, cold-rolled steel and powder coated in bright colors. The colorful panels are permanently bolted to the existing building. Roitmans convex-concave shapes and playful designs created a luscious, almost baroque skin for the once plain, two-story building. The landscape, furnishings, and lighting also reflect Roitmans MADI-ist ideas. Visiting San Antonio The Alamo. Youve heard the phrase, Remember the Alamo. Now visit the building where the infamous battle took place. The Spanish Mission also helped to give rise to the Mission Style of home design. La Villita Historical District is an original Spanish settlement, bustling with shops and artisan studios. San Antonio Missions. Missions San Jose, San Juan, Espada, and Concepcion were built over the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Spanish Governors Palace. Constructed in 1749, the building was the Governors Place when San Antonio was the capital of Texas. Visiting College Station George Bush Library, Presidential Library of the forty-first President of the United StatesCollege of Architecture, Texas A M UniversityThe Texas AM Bonfire Memorial: A memorial stands where once twelve students lost their lives and many more were injured as they built a Bonfire before a football game. Learn about a tradition gone wrong. Also in Texas You cannot go inside these privately owned homes, but Texas is filled with interesting residences worthy of drive-by photography: Amarillo: Sterling Kinney House by Frank Lloyd WrightBunker Hill: William L. Thaxton Jr. House by Frank Lloyd Wright Plan Your Texas Itinerary For tours of historic Texas architecture, visit the National Register of Historic Places. Youll find maps, photographs, historical information, and travel recommendations. Source Photo of the MADI Museum and Gallery Building at Dusk  © Volf Roitman

Writing Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing Project 2 - Essay Example The text is written in a way to criticize one’s self. Before anyone could call him an idiot or sick he calls himself ill-minded. The context of the song is the over popular rap image of hip hop artists. In today’s world, TV and media has made the youngsters believe that good life is about making money and doing drugs because that is what the superstars do. It is called the celebrity lifestyle. And everyone seem to join that club. It is just a smoke screen and people are wasting their lives, dreaming about that dream that someday they will have lots of money like those superstars they see on TV and then they will have ‘fun’. Hopsin 5 addresses this ‘fun’ in this song and trues to make a mockery of the vision it generates in people’s minds. Asking â€Å"Is that all you think life really is?† (Hopsin 5, 2012). It is very hard to find the subtext in this song. Rap songs are generally very explicit and there are usually not many hidden meanings. The general idea behind a rap song is ‘being real’ and not hypocritical; saying what you mean exactly how you mean it. Hopsin 5 does exactly that. He is trying to wake up his generation who in his opinion are like zombies. Their brain cells are rotting because of drugs and pop culture. At the start of the song Hopsin says this addressing the ‘kids’ he sees on the street. He says he has become a freak for those kids who stare at them. But in fact Hopsin 5 is observing them when they talk about cursing school and dropping out of school. Later in the song he addresses the same issue of dropping out and says that many kids are in school because their parents send them there, it is not their choice. Referring to a gift they have but they don’t appreciate. Hopsin 5 was not as famous as some of the rap superstars like Snoop Dog, Eminem or Jay Z. He starts his song by saying that he doesn’t like rap and shows his disgust. But he raps only b ecause it works, it delivers the message and more importantly he can â€Å"if the shoe fits, wear it". It is very hard to say that Hopsin was a credible figure at the time he released this song and that his image and his personality would have ‘sold’. He calls himself a freak that the kids stare at him, only to make him more difficult to agree with. Pathos of Hopsin 5’s argument is very strong. In fact it is the single most powerful aspect that actually convinces the listeners that what he has to say is the truth. It is the pathos (the emotional appeal) that has got him over 32 million views for his song on YouTube (Hopsin 5, 2012). He puts his heart in the song and its shows. Other than the context, subtext and intertextuality, the video shows him persuasively and even aggressively talking or even ‘rap lecturing’ some ‘kids’ (kids is a just a slang for youngsters, the age group can range from 13-30) who are doing drugs and acting †˜cool’. The song is filled with second person narrative. The word ‘you’ has been used extensively, for each and every listener of the song. And that makes the emotional exorcism even stronger. The listener immediately starts to analyze himself. The target is the kids that are hooked to hip hop and ‘you’ is used to give them the rap lecture. This ‘you’ is the main weapon of the pathos as Hopsin 5 delves into what ‘your’ image of a fantastic life is. He shows ‘you’ the mirror and rephrases the dreams these kids cook up; to sell drugs so they can make them lots of money, and showing their bullet scars as trophies and that it is fun to live life like that. In the song he talks to this girl who is pregnant. He tells him that she is pregnant because it’s her own fault. All that glitters is not gold. If girls go to the

Major Topic in Juvenile Delinquency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Major Topic in Juvenile Delinquency - Essay Example However, it can be said that the system has been fairy effective in controlling juvenile crimes and rehabilitating youths. The juvenile justice system comprises of formal and informal institutions, while the juvenile justice process consists of the procedures that are followed in processing juvenile cases. This paper discusses the history of juvenile justice, the juvenile justice system, which collaborates with the juvenile justice process to administer justice to juveniles, and the juvenile justice process. Keywords: Juvenile, Youth, Child, Justice, Juvenile Justice, Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Justice Process Introduction Youth crime is a very serious problem to the society. Early youth crimes included runaways, loitering, bullying, and other minor offenses. This has however changed with youths turning violent and committing crimes as serious as assault, robbery, murder, rape, and drug trafficking. In recent years, youth crime has been on the rise affecting many nations world wide. In the United States, millions of juvenile arrests are conducted each year for crimes ranging from violence to minor crimes. According to Cole and Smith, â€Å"in a nation with 74 million people younger than age 18, about 1.6 million arrests of juveniles occur each year , 74,000 of which (just over 4.5 percent) are for violent crimes† (2010, p. 604). ... Institutions and procedures were thus established, in order to conduct justice for juveniles with focus on their welfare. The institutions and procedures established are referred to as the juvenile justice system and the juvenile justice process respectively. The juvenile justice process is therefore a philosophy that underlies the juvenile justice system. From this, it is clear that both institutions and procedures collaborate to administer juvenile justice, and no entity can exist on its own. Martin points out that â€Å"the juvenile justice system is composed of institutions that have been organized to manage established procedures as a way to achieve justice for all juveniles† (2005, p. 4). The institutions are divided into formal and informal organizations, and constitute of community-based programs and agencies, juvenile corrections, juvenile courts, and the police. The juvenile justice process on the other hand, â€Å"refers to distinct procedures established to assure the fair administration of youths under the law† (Martin, 2005, p. 4). These procedures have to conform to the institutions established to administer juvenile justice. The juvenile justice process in conducted in a friendly way, with the primary aims of identifying the youth’s problem and seeking a treatment plan to control and ultimately eliminate the problem. The juvenile justice process involves the police interface, intake and screening at the court, pretrial procedures, transfer to adult court, adjudication, disposition, and corrections (Cole & Smith, 2010). History of Juvenile Justice The issue of juvenile justice has been around for many